03-06-2008, 12:46 PM
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Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: Propecia, CA
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Breast Health - Nutritional Support
Quote:
A group of researchers from the Division of Preventive Oncology, Ontario, Canada, evaluated whether intake of phytoestrogens, specifically lignans and isoflavones, were associated with reduced breast cancer risk, using a novel phytoestrogen database.6
Randomly chosen breast cancer patients, aged 25 to 74 years, were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry (n=3,063) and controls (n=3,430). An epidemiologic and food frequency questionnaire, which was expanded to include phytoestrogen-containing foods, was mailed to all subjects.
Among all women, lignan intake was associated with a reduced breast cancer risk (Q5 vs. Q1 MVOR: 0.81, 95 percent CI: 0.65, 0.99); however, following stratification by body mass index (BMI), this reduction in risk was statistically significant only among overweight women (BMI > 25). Total phytoestrogen intake was also associated with a risk reduction among overweight women only.
Among pre-menopausal women, total phytoestrogen intake was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk among overweight women only (Q5 vs. Q1 MVOR: 0.51, 95 percent CI: 0.30, 0.87). Among postmenopausal women, no statistically significant association was observed between breast cancer risk and isoflavones or lignans.
The researchers concluded lignan intake may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk among pre-menopausal women, with data suggesting BMI modifies the association.
Another study conducted in Bangkok, Thailand, investigated the pretreatment of the phytoestrogen-rich plant, Pueraria mirifica, and its effects on decreasing breast tumor incidence in rats.7 The rats were pretreated with P. mirifica tuberous powder at a dosage of 0, 10, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg BW/day for four consecutive weeks before induction of mammary tumors. Pretreatment of P. mirifica tuberous powder resulted in decreasing of the virulence of tumor development.
Collectively, lignans appear to offer a range of means that positively influence a favorable estrogen balance in the body. Canadian researchers studied the consumption of flaxseed (FS), and its effects in reducing the growth effect on established breast cancer.8
According to this study, FS, rich in lignans, which is metabolized to the mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END), consistently showed tumor inhibitory effects in a human clinical trial as well as rodent breast cancer models. Using the preclinical athymic mouse postmenopausal breast cancer model, combining FS with soy protein or GEN with END and ENL, was found to negate the tumor stimulatory effects of soy protein or GEN alone.
Antioxidant and anti-tumor effects of hydroxymatairesinol (as HMRlignan™, from Linnea), a lignan isolated from the knots of spruce, were studied in vitro in lipid peroxidation, superoxide and peroxyl radical scavenging, and LDL-oxidation models in comparison with the known synthetic antioxidants Trolox (a watersoluble vitamin E derivative), butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).9
The antitumor activity of HM-3000 was studied in induced rat mammary cancer, showing a positive result – a statistically significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. In human studies, HM-3000 has been given in single doses, up to 1,350 mg, to healthy male volunteers devoid of treatment-related adverse events. Rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and partial metabolism to enterolactone in humans was observed.
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