More of my gmo ramblings...
"...
Somatic embryogenesis has been preferred over other in vitro developmental processes, such as organogenesis or axillary bud proliferation, for micropropagation and genetic modification of higher plants (Ogita et al. 2002)."https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-34582008000100010&script=sci_arttext
https://www.newsdaily.com/stories/bre...coa-indonesia/
"Everybody realizes we need more supply because the demand is growing," said Ruud Engbers, president director of Mars Symbioscience Indonesia, a unit of privately owned Mars Inc, one of the world's leading food manufacturers, which turns out Snickers and Twix candy bars." (Mars - child labor atrocities, rainforest destruction for their cocoa, Mars, Inc. has 2 smaller businesses called Symbioscience and Mars Fishcare. Symbioscience does research to develop pharmaceutical and therapeutic products. They’re looking for ingredients for nutriceuticals and supplements. These ingredients, called flavanols, are said to help with heart, vascular, and cognitive health and the treatment of diabetes and certain forms of cancer. Flavanols are tested on rats and mice.
"...The technique called somatic embryogenesis, or SE, was invented to produce high-yielding, disease-resistant seeds. A success in Ecuador in the early 2000s, it had never been used on a large scale until Indonesia adopted it in 2009."
https://preventdisease.com/news/10/092010_GMO_chocolate.shtml -With the intention of flooding
70% of the global cocoa supply with genetically modified (GMO) cocoa tree hybrids, a collaboration involving Mars, USDA and IBM is accelerating this process.
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https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/gm/gm-c...veloping-world
Seventy per cent of the world's coffee is produced by small farmers; mostly in developing countries. Most of this coffee is grown using traditional, environment friendly farming methods. Around 60 million people rely on coffee production, either on small farms or on larger plantations, for all or part of their livelihood.
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Would it be SAFE to say - that MOST brands of COFFEE and COCOA are genetically modified, in some way? To add to the ever growing number of foods. (I feel a need to add that Palm Oil, used in the manufacture of candies, adds to the problem of the vanishing orangutan - all for the sake of a candy bar).
Perhaps this Halloween - just buy something else instead of any item containing genetically modified ingredients. Or perform a trick instead?
As for coffee, purchase organic and free trade, I suppose.