From:
https://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/03/29/why-is-aspirin-toxic-to-cats/
One animal�s cure can be another animal�s poison. Take aspirin � it�s one of the most popular drugs on the market and we readily use it as a painkiller. But cats are extremely sensitive to aspirin, and even a single extra-strength pill can trigger a fatal overdose. Vets will sometimes prescribe aspirin to cats but only under very controlled doses.
The problem is that cats can�t break down the drug effectively. They take a long time to clear it from their bodies, so it�s easy for them to build up harmful concentrations. This defect is unusual � humans clearly don�t suffer from it, and neither do dogs. All cats, however, seem to share the same problem, from house tabbies to African lions.
Now, Binu Shrestha from the Tufts University School of Medicine has found that cats may have developed their strange sensitivity because of their lifestyle as specialist hunters. Their penchant for meat could have ultimately turned aspirin into their kryptonite.